The Gospel according to John
Setting
· John the Baptist was baptizing and preparing for the Messiah in Bethany, a town on the east of the region of Judea near the Dead Sea (Chapter 1)
· Jesus also turned water into wine at the wedding in Cana, a town in the region of Galilee northeast of Nazareth & northwest of Bethany (Chapter 2)
· Jesus settled in Capernaum in the region of Galilee. It was a port town east of Cana on the Sea of Galilee. (Chapter 2, Verse 12)
· Jesus traveled to Jerusalem in the region of Judea, which was a far journey south through Samaria (Chapter 2, Verse 13)
· Jesus went back and taught in Samaria as well (Chapter 4)
· Jesus fed 5,000 in Bethsaida, a northern port town on the Sea of Galilee. This is where he also walked on water. (Chapter 6)
· John’s gospel is a story of the ministry of Christ nomadically preaching through all of these regions. He eventually returned to Jerusalem for Passover before his crucifixion.
Key Players
John the Baptist
· Prophet in Judea
· His role was to announce the coming of the Messiah
o Even as he spoke with authority, and even as hundreds came before him to repent and be baptized, John never forgot his role and renounced any praise, pointing beyond himself to the coming of the real Savior
· John stood for truth, seeing it and his obedience and service to God as more important than his own life
The Disciples of Jesus Christ
· Andrew - Simon Peter’s brother
· Simon - Renamed Cephas (Peter) by Jesus
§ Peter means rock, foreshadowing what Jesus would later say “On this rock I will build my church” as Peter became of the first leaders of the Christian church
· Another Simon – Called Simon the Zealot
· Philip
· Nathanael – a.k.a. Bartholomew in other gospels
· James - son of Zebedee, Brother of John
· Another James – son of Alphaeus
· John - son of Zebedee, Brother of James
· Matthew – a.k.a. Levi in other gospels
· Thomas
· Jude Thaddaeus – a.k.a. Thaddaeus, Lebbaeus Thaddaeus, or Judas of James
· Judas Iscariot
Nicodemus
· A Pharisee and part of the Sanhedrin (Jewish high council) in Jerusalem who actually believed in Jesus
· Raised questions to the Sanhedrin about the justice in eliminating Jesus
· Helped to bury Jesus
Caiaphas
· Leader of the Sadducees
· Directly involved in the death of Jesus
· Persecutor of Christians
John
· Discliple of Christ
o “The disciple whom Jesus loved”
· Authored, though questioned by scholars, five New Testament books
o Gospel of John, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation of St. John
Mary Magdalene
· Follower of Jesus present at his death and first to see him rise from the dead
· Jesus drove demons from her
· Taught of the importance of women in the ministry of Christianity
Thomas
· Disciple of Christ
· Best known for his doubt of Jesus’ resurrection, claiming he had to put his finger through the holes where the nails were to believe
The Miracles of Jesus in John
· Turning water into wine (2:1-11)
· Healing of the government official’s son (4:46-54)
· Healing of the lame man (5:1-8)
· Feeding of the 5,000 (6:1-15)
· Walking on water (6:16-21)
· Healing of the blind man (9:1-12)
· Raising Lazarus from the Dead (11:38-44)
Coming of the Christ (1:1-1:50)
· 1:1-3
John refers to Jesus as “The Word”, meaning to Hebrews that he was the Creator, a revelation of God, and a living testament to God’s holiness
o The Pharisees and other Jews saw this as blasphemy to speak of this human as God
· 1:10-11
The very people of God were the ones who did not recognize Christ as the Messiah that had been foretold by the prophets
· 1:14
You cannot minimize or underestimate the humanity or the divinity of Jesus Christ
o He was completely man and completely divine, not partly both
· 1:25-26
John the Baptist was baptizing Jews in water; this was a practice normally done only when Gentiles converted to Judaism so the Pharisees were asking what right John had to treat Jews like Gentiles
Ministry of Jesus Christ (2:1-12:50)
· 2:1-11
Water into Wine - Jesus was not simply helping wedding attendees get drunk. A wedding in those days was a week-long ceremony and to run out of wine was embarrassing and broke rules of fundamental hospitality
· 2:12-17
Jesus clears the temple - Jesus was righteous….and angry
o People had turned the Temple into a marketplace of greed
§ Money changers charged high exchange rates to visitors during Passover
§ Visitors bought animals to sacrifice at extremely inflated prices
· 3:16
The most commonly spoken and referenced verse in the Bible – This is the thesis of the entire Gospel: the awesome and powerful love of God
· 4:23
Father in Spirit – God is spirit means that he has no physical limitations
o The emphasis is not on where you worship God but how we worship
· 4:34-38
The sowers Jesus referred to may have been the prophets & John the Baptist
· 5:39-40
When religion gets in the way of a relationship with Christ - The Pharisees and religious leaders were so entrenched in rules and a system that they missed the big picture of the Messiah that the Scriptures spoke of.
· 5:45-47
“Your accuser is Moses” - To say to the Pharisees that Moses would be their accuser was the ultimate insult because they prided themselves so much on following Moses’ laws that they missed the Savior of whom Moses alluded to
· 6:5-8
Jesus feeds five thousand - The disciples assumed that even though they had something that it would not be enough so they gave Jesus nothing to feed the people. Conversely, a boy gave 5 loaves and 2 fish and it fed 5,000
o Give what you can. Even the smallest gift given in earnest God can use in incredible ways much like Jesus did in this story
· 6:38-40
It was God’s will that Jesus would come to save us
· 8:1-11
The adulterous woman
o When Jesus was writing on the ground with his finger, some suggestions speculate that he was writing all of the officials’ sins or the Ten Commandments
o Jesus was teaching that none are worthy of the ultimate judgment of sin but the ultimate Judge who is Jesus
· 9:13-34
Pharisees question the blind man
o Even with the miracle of giving a blind man sight, the Pharisees could only see bad in these works
o Once again, they were so concerned with their own pride, power, and blindly following the Law that they missed the One who fulfilled it
· 10:16
Other sheep – Non-Jews – Jesus was alluding to the fact that he came to save the world, not just the Jews.
· 11:35
Jesus wept – When Jesus saw the Jews and Mary mourn over the death of Lazarus, he was moved. Jesus has compassion for that which hurts us and causes us grief and sorrow.
Jesus proclaimed that a DEAD MAN rise; what problem can you possibly have that he can’t solve?
· 12:42
Ashamed to believe – Many leaders believed in Jesus but did not admit it for fear the Pharisees would find out. They wanted to be with the “in” crowd and cool rather than doing what was right in God’s eyes. You can’t be concerned with what people think; concern yourself with what your God thinks.